Click any peptide to expand full research data including dosage ranges, administration routes, cycle protocols, half-life, and verified vendor pricing. For educational purposes only — not medical advice.
Bacteriostatic water is the only correct solvent for peptide reconstitution. The benzyl alcohol keeps your reconstituted peptide stable for up to 28–30 days refrigerated.
Why It Has to Be BAC Water
Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which prevents bacterial growth in your vial after the seal is broken. Regular sterile water has no preservative — once opened, it's a contamination risk within hours. BAC water keeps your reconstituted peptide stable for 28–30 days when refrigerated at 2–8°C.
Never use tap water, saline (for IVs), or plain sterile water for peptide reconstitution.
Sizes
10mL vials — standard size, handles most single-peptide protocols. 30mL vials — better value if running multiple peptides simultaneously or doing frequent reconstitutions.
Everything you need to reconstitute and inject research peptides.
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6-Step Reconstitution Protocol
Where to Buy Supplies
As an Amazon Associate, Peptide Pro Source earns from qualifying purchases at no extra cost to you. BAC water is now sourced from research vendors — see the BAC Water card above.
Subcutaneous Injection Guide
Retatrutide is the most powerful weight loss compound in clinical research. Phase 2 trials showed 24% average body weight reduction over 48 weeks. Phase 3 trials ongoing by Eli Lilly.
Mechanism
Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a triagonist activating GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. GLP-1 reduces appetite and slows gastric emptying. GIP enhances insulin secretion. Glucagon receptor activation increases energy expenditure and drives lipolysis — particularly of visceral fat.
Clinical Evidence
Phase 2 trial (NEJM 2023): up to 24.2% mean body weight reduction at highest dose. Phase 3 trials ongoing under the TRIUMPH program.
Research Dosing Protocol
| Phase | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–4 | 0.5–1mg | Once weekly |
| Weeks 5–8 | 1–2mg | Once weekly |
| Weeks 9–12 | 2–4mg | Once weekly |
| Weeks 13+ | 4–8mg | Once weekly |
Bacteriostatic water is the only correct solvent for peptide reconstitution. The 0.9% benzyl alcohol inhibits microbial growth, keeping your reconstituted peptide stable for up to 28–30 days refrigerated. Do not substitute sterile water — it has no preservative and degrades your peptide fast.
Mechanism
Tesamorelin binds GHRH receptors in the pituitary, stimulating pulsatile GH secretion. Unlike exogenous GH, it preserves the natural feedback loop, reducing risk of shutdown.
Key Research Uses
- Visceral fat reduction
- Body composition improvement
- Cognitive function support in older adults
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 1–2mg daily |
| Timing | Fasted, before bed |
| Cycle | 12–20 weeks |
AOD-9604 is a fragment of human growth hormone studied specifically for fat metabolism — it targets lipolysis without the blood sugar or IGF-1 effects of full HGH. Reached Phase 2 human trials for obesity research.
Mechanism
AOD-9604 stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis by mimicking the way natural HGH regulates fat metabolism. It has no effect on IGF-1 levels or blood glucose.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 300–500mcg daily |
| Timing | Fasted AM |
| Cycle | 12–16 weeks |
MOTS-c is a peptide produced by your own mitochondria that research shows improves insulin sensitivity, boosts metabolic rate, and has extended lifespan in animal models.
Mechanism
MOTS-c targets the AMPK pathway and regulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. It improves insulin sensitivity and has been demonstrated to reverse age-related metabolic dysfunction in preclinical models.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 5–10mg |
| Frequency | 2–3x weekly |
| Cycle | 8–12 weeks |
CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin work together to produce stronger, cleaner growth hormone pulses than either compound alone — without spiking cortisol or prolactin.
Synergy
CJC-1295 stimulates GHRH receptors for sustained baseline GH elevation. Ipamorelin selectively stimulates ghrelin receptors for clean GH pulses. Combined effect is significantly greater than either alone.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| CJC Dose | 100–300mcg |
| Ipa Dose | 100–300mcg |
| Timing | Pre-sleep, fasted |
| Frequency | Daily to 3x/week |
Sermorelin stimulates your pituitary to produce growth hormone naturally — preserving the body's own feedback system rather than introducing external GH. FDA-approved diagnostic use with a well-established safety profile.
Mechanism
Sermorelin binds GHRH receptors in the anterior pituitary, stimulating GH synthesis and secretion. It preserves the natural GH feedback loop, reducing the risk of pituitary shutdown seen with exogenous GH use.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 200–500mcg |
| Timing | Before bed, fasted |
| Frequency | Daily or 5 days on/2 off |
BPC-157 has shown remarkable healing effects on muscles, tendons, ligaments, and gut tissue across study after study — making it one of the most researched recovery compounds in the space. Over 100 preclinical studies with consistent results.
Mechanism
BPC-157 promotes angiogenesis, upregulates growth factors, and modulates nitric oxide pathways. It has demonstrated ability to heal tendons, ligaments, bones, and gut tissue in animal models.
Research Protocol
| Goal | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic healing | 250–500mcg | 1–2x daily |
| Local injury | 200–300mcg | Daily near site |
| Gut healing | 250mcg | Daily oral |
TB-500 is a fragment of a protein your body produces naturally for healing — research shows it supports new blood vessel formation, reduces inflammation, and accelerates repair of slow-healing injuries.
Mechanism
TB-500 promotes actin polymerization and upregulation of Tβ4, which regulates cell migration, proliferation, and survival. It reduces inflammation and promotes healing through multiple pathways including VEGF upregulation.
Research Protocol
| Phase | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Loading (wks 1–4) | 2–2.5mg | 2x weekly |
| Maintenance | 2mg | Weekly |
BPC-157 and TB-500 together address injury recovery from two angles — local tissue repair and systemic anti-inflammatory support — making this one of the most studied healing combinations available.
Why Stack These
BPC-157 initiates local repair via angiogenesis and growth factor upregulation. TB-500 promotes cell migration and systemic anti-inflammatory effects via actin regulation. Together they address both local and systemic aspects of injury recovery.
Research Protocol
| Compound | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| BPC-157 | 250–500mcg | Daily |
| TB-500 | 2–2.5mg | 2x/week loading, then weekly |
GHK-Cu is a copper peptide naturally found in human blood that declines with age — research shows it supports wound healing, collagen production, skin repair, and hair follicle activity.
Mechanism
GHK-Cu activates wound healing, attracts immune cells, and promotes collagen production. It remodels skin and stimulates hair follicle growth while suppressing inflammation.
Research Protocol
| Route | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| SubQ injection | 1–2mg | Daily |
| Topical | Applied to skin | 1–2x daily |
IGF-1 LR3 is a modified version of the body's main muscle-building signal, engineered to stay active longer — research shows it promotes muscle cell growth and accelerates recovery.
Mechanism
IGF-1 LR3 binds IGF-1 receptors to stimulate protein synthesis, muscle cell proliferation, and satellite cell activation. The LR3 modification gives it a ~20x longer half-life than native IGF-1.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 20–60mcg |
| Timing | Post-workout or AM |
| Cycle | 4–6 weeks max |
Epithalon activates telomerase — the enzyme that repairs and lengthens telomeres — and has been studied for longevity effects for over 35 years. Human studies published primarily by Russian researchers.
Mechanism
Epithalon stimulates the pineal gland to produce more melatonin, activates telomerase to elongate telomeres, and normalizes the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 5–10mg daily |
| Cycle | 10–20 days |
| Frequency | 2x per year |
PT-141 works directly on the brain's arousal pathways via the central nervous system rather than blood flow, making it effective for both men and women. FDA-approved as Vyleesi for low sexual desire in premenopausal women.
Mechanism
PT-141 activates melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R) in the brain, triggering pathways that increase sexual desire. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors, it acts centrally rather than on the vascular system.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 1–2mg |
| Timing | 45–90 min before activity |
| Frequency | As needed, max 1x/72hrs |
Selank is a Russian-developed peptide studied for its ability to reduce anxiety and sharpen cognitive function without the sedation or dependence associated with traditional anxiolytics.
Mechanism
Selank modulates GABA-A receptors and increases BDNF expression. It also regulates IL-6 and enkephalin levels, contributing to its anxiolytic and cognitive effects without causing sedation or dependence.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 250–3000mcg |
| Route | Intranasal preferred |
| Cycle | 10–14 days on, 10–14 off |
Semax is one of the most studied nootropic peptides in the world — research shows it raises BDNF levels, supports focus and memory, and has been used clinically in Russia for stroke recovery since the 1980s.
Mechanism
Semax increases BDNF and NGF expression, enhances dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, and has neuroprotective effects.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 200–900mcg |
| Route | Intranasal |
| Cycle | 10–14 days on, 10–14 off |
This combination pairs the most powerful fat loss compound in Phase 3 trials with an FDA-referenced GH stimulator — targeting body fat from two distinct mechanisms simultaneously for aggressive recomposition.
Why This Stack
Retatrutide targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors for maximal appetite suppression and lipolysis. Tesamorelin stimulates pulsatile GH release which specifically targets visceral adipose tissue. The two compounds operate on distinct pathways, making the combination synergistic.
Protocol Overview
| Compound | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Retatrutide | 2–8mg (titrate up) | Weekly |
| Tesamorelin | 1–2mg | Daily |
Three of the most evidence-backed longevity peptides combined — Epithalon for telomere support, GHK-Cu for tissue regeneration, and Thymosin Alpha-1 for immune regulation.
Why This Stack
Epithalon addresses telomere shortening. GHK-Cu targets tissue degradation and chronic inflammation. TA-1 addresses immune senescence. Together they provide multi-pathway anti-aging support.
Protocol Overview
| Compound | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Epithalon | 5–10mg | Daily for 10–20 days |
| GHK-Cu | 1–2mg | Daily |
| TA-1 | 1.6mg | 2x weekly |
S1 Research's all-in-one recovery blend combines four synergistic peptides — GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, and KPV — each targeting a different aspect of healing and inflammation.
Blend Components
- GHK-Cu — Copper peptide for skin repair and collagen production
- BPC-157 — Local tissue healing and angiogenesis
- TB-500 — Systemic anti-inflammatory and cell migration
- KPV — Anti-inflammatory tripeptide derived from MSH
Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | Per vendor instructions |
| Frequency | Daily or every other day |
| Cycle | 6–12 weeks |
A triple healing peptide formulation covering the full recovery spectrum — BPC-157 for tissue repair, TB-500 for systemic inflammation support, and GHK-Cu for collagen and skin regeneration.
Component Synergy
- BPC-157 — Initiates local tissue repair via VEGF upregulation
- TB-500 — Systemic anti-inflammatory support and cell migration
- GHK-Cu — Collagen and elastin production, skin repair
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Frequency | Daily or every other day |
| Cycle | 6–12 weeks |
KPV is a powerful anti-inflammatory tripeptide — preclinical research has shown it can directly enter gut cells and suppress inflammation, making it one of the most studied compounds for IBD and leaky gut research. Currently studied in animal models and in vitro; human clinical trial data is emerging.
Mechanism
KPV inhibits pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathways and reduces cytokine production (IL-8, TNF-α). It can be taken orally for gut-specific effects as it directly targets intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 250–500mcg |
| Route | Oral (gut) or SubQ (systemic) |
| Frequency | 1–2x daily |
LL-37 is the only antimicrobial peptide your body produces naturally — research shows it fights bacteria, viruses, and fungi while also supporting wound healing and immune modulation.
Mechanism
LL-37 disrupts bacterial membranes and neutralizes LPS. It also activates formyl peptide receptors and toll-like receptors to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 100–300mcg |
| Frequency | Daily or every other day |
Larazotide is studied specifically for intestinal permeability — research shows it can tighten the junctions between gut cells, making it one of the most clinically investigated compounds for leaky gut and celiac disease.
Mechanism
Larazotide prevents zonulin-induced tight junction disassembly. Zonulin is the primary regulator of intestinal permeability — Larazotide blocks its effect, helping maintain gut barrier integrity.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 0.5–2mg |
| Route | Oral |
| Timing | Before meals |
VIP is a natural neuropeptide with broad anti-inflammatory effects — research shows it plays important roles in gut health, immune balance, and circadian rhythm regulation.
Mechanism
VIP activates VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors on immune cells, suppressing Th1/Th17 responses and promoting regulatory T cells. It also reduces TNF-α, IL-6, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 50–100mcg |
| Frequency | 1–2x daily |
Snap-8 is studied as a topical alternative to Botox — it works by interfering with the same neuromuscular signaling that causes expression lines, without needles. In vitro and cosmetic clinical studies published; results vary by formulation and concentration.
Mechanism
Snap-8 inhibits SNARE complex formation by mimicking the N-terminal end of SNAP-25. This reduces the release of catecholamines at the neuromuscular junction, relaxing facial muscles that cause wrinkles.
Application Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 4–10% in cream/serum |
| Application | Expression-prone areas |
| Frequency | 2x daily |
Matrixyl 3000 is one of the most studied anti-aging skincare ingredients — cosmetic clinical research has documented meaningful reductions in wrinkle depth when used consistently. Cosmetic clinical trial data published; not a pharmaceutical drug, regulated as a cosmetic ingredient.
Mechanism
The two matrikine peptides in Matrixyl 3000 signal the dermal matrix to repair itself. Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 stimulates collagen synthesis while palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) in skin tissue.
Application Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 8% in carrier |
| Frequency | Twice daily |
| Results timeline | 4–8 weeks |
Melanotan II was originally developed as a tanning compound and research shows it stimulates melanin production and has effects on appetite and arousal pathways via the brain's melanocortin receptors. Reached early Phase 2 human trials; not FDA approved. Use with caution — strong systemic effects documented.
Mechanism
MT-II activates melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R, MC4R). MC1R activation in melanocytes increases melanin production. MC4R activation suppresses appetite and has been studied for effects on central arousal mechanisms.
Research Protocol
| Phase | Dose |
|---|---|
| Loading | 0.25–0.5mg daily |
| Maintenance | 0.5–1mg as needed |
AHK-Cu is a copper peptide studied specifically for hair follicle biology — research shows it activates keratinocyte growth factor and has been documented to increase follicle size in preclinical models. Preclinical animal and in vitro data published; limited human clinical trial data.
Mechanism
AHK-Cu activates KGF (keratinocyte growth factor) which promotes hair follicle proliferation. The copper complex also has antioxidant properties and promotes collagen synthesis in the scalp dermis.
Application Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0.1–1% in carrier |
| Application | Scalp or skin |
| Frequency | 1–2x daily |
Pinealon is a Russian-developed tripeptide studied for neuroprotection and circadian rhythm support — research shows it has protective effects on brain cells and may support sleep regulation via the pineal gland. Preclinical animal data published primarily in Russian research; limited Western clinical data.
Mechanism
Pinealon is a geroprotective peptide that activates antioxidant defense systems in neurons and regulates melatonin synthesis via the pineal gland. It has shown neuroprotective effects in hypoxia and ischemia models.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 5–10mg daily |
| Cycle | 10 days |
| Frequency | 2–4x per year |
NAD+ is a molecule found in every cell that powers energy production and DNA repair — research shows levels drop ~50% between ages 40 and 60. Injectable forms have been studied for faster restoration than oral supplements.
Mechanism
NAD+ is a critical coenzyme in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair via PARP enzymes, and sirtuin activation (SIRT1–7). Declining NAD+ with age is linked to metabolic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and reduced cellular repair capacity.
Research Protocol
| Protocol | Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Loading phase | 500mg | Daily for 5–10 days |
| Maintenance | 250–500mg | Weekly or bi-weekly |
Follistatin 344 blocks myostatin — the protein that limits how much muscle your body can build — and animal research has shown dramatic increases in muscle mass when myostatin is inhibited.
Mechanism
Follistatin 344 binds and neutralizes myostatin (GDF-8) and activins. Myostatin limits muscle cell growth — blocking it allows for significant hypertrophy beyond the body's normal ceiling.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 100mcg daily |
| Cycle | 10–30 days maximum |
5-Amino-1MQ targets fat cell metabolism at the enzyme level — animal research has shown it can reduce fat cell size and raise metabolic rate without affecting lean mass.
Mechanism
5-Amino-1MQ inhibits NNMT in fat cells, raising SAM levels and altering the epigenetic programming of adipocytes. This makes fat cells smaller and more metabolically active.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 50–100mg |
| Route | Oral |
| Frequency | Daily |
Survodutide targets both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors — early trial data suggests stronger fat burning and liver fat reduction than GLP-1 alone. Currently in Phase 2 human clinical trials.
Mechanism
Survodutide activates GLP-1 receptors (appetite reduction, insulin sensitization) and glucagon receptors (increased energy expenditure, hepatic fat oxidation). Particularly effective for NASH and visceral adiposity.
Research Protocol
| Phase | Dose |
|---|---|
| Starting | 0.3mg weekly |
| Titration | Up to 4.8mg weekly |
SS-31 concentrates inside mitochondria and has shown the ability to restore energy production and reduce cellular stress in multiple disease models. Human clinical trials conducted for heart failure.
Mechanism
SS-31 selectively partitions into the inner mitochondrial membrane by targeting cardiolipin. It reduces mitochondrial ROS, improves membrane potential, and enhances ATP synthesis.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 1–5mg daily |
| Route | SubQ injection |
| Cycle | 4–8 weeks |
Humanin is produced by your own mitochondria and declines with age — preclinical studies have documented protective effects on brain cells, heart tissue, and metabolic health.
Mechanism
Humanin activates the FPRL1/gp130 receptor complex and STAT3 signaling, protecting neurons and cardiac cells from apoptosis. It also improves insulin sensitivity.
Research Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 2–4mg |
| Frequency | 3x weekly |